Good chicken management is the foundation of profitable poultry farming. Across Kenya, thousands of smallholder farmers depend on chickens for daily income, nutrition and family livelihoods. Yet, disease outbreaks continue to threaten flocks reducing production and causing devastating losses. Experts say that prevention rather than treatment is the key to sustaining healthy poultry enterprises.

The most effective way to prevent disease is through cleanliness and timely vaccination. A clean chicken house not only improves flock health but also reduces the spread of bacteria and viruses. Regular disinfection, proper ventilation, and dry litter create a safer environment for birds to grow. When combined with the right vaccination schedule farmers can dramatically cut down on chicken deaths and boost their productivity.

One of the most common diseases affecting poultry farmers is Gumboro, also known as Infectious Bursal Disease. The illness mainly attacks young birds, causing weakness, watery white droppings, and birds lying flat. Although Gumboro has no cure, it can be effectively prevented through vaccination. Farmers are encouraged to vaccinate chicks early, as the disease spreads rapidly and can wipe out entire flocks.

Another major challenge is Coccidiosis, a parasitic disease that thrives in damp and dirty chicken houses. Infected birds show signs of bloody diarrhea, dull feathers, and loss of appetite. Left untreated, it can cause significant mortality, especially in young chicks. Experts recommend maintaining dry litter, avoiding overcrowding, and using anticoccidial drugs when symptoms appear to control the spread.

Fowl Pox is also a concern for many farmers. This viral disease is characterized by small pimples or scabs on the comb, wattles, and around the eyes. In severe cases, it affects the mouth and throat, leading to breathing difficulties. While it can sound alarming, Fowl Pox is preventable through vaccination. Farmers should also control mosquitoes and other insects, as they are known carriers of the disease.

Agricultural officers stress that prevention is always cheaper than cure. A few simple practices regular cleaning, proper feeding and consistent vaccination can go a long way in keeping chickens healthy. Farmers who adopt these measures report higher egg production, faster growth rates and fewer losses, ultimately translating into better income and improved livelihoods.

Beyond disease control, good poultry management also builds farmer confidence. When birds remain healthy and productive farmers are more likely to expand their flocks and invest in improved breeds. The ripple effect strengthens local food security and supports the country’s broader goal of achieving agricultural resilience.

For more information on preventing poultry diseases and improving your farm’s performance, click on this link and watch these videos .