Overview

On sloping land, heavy rainfall can flow rapidly across fields, carrying away fertile topsoil, nutrients, and applied fertiliser. Over time, this erosion reduces soil productivity and makes crops more vulnerable to periods of low rainfall.

FIPS promotes terracing and contouring as practical ways to manage water and protect soil. Structures are positioned along the natural contours of the land to slow the movement of rainwater, increase water infiltration, and reduce the amount of soil washed from fields.

By retaining more water and fertile topsoil, these approaches can improve growing conditions, help crops withstand dry periods, and protect farmers’ investments in seed, fertiliser, and other inputs.

With Fanya Juu terracing, farmers dig contour trenches and place the excavated soil on the upslope side of the trench to form an embankment. The structure slows water moving down the slope, reduces run-off, and encourages water to soak into the soil. Over time, continued maintenance and cultivation help develop more stable terraces.

With Fanya Chini terracing, excavated soil is placed on the downslope side of the contour trench. The resulting structure helps intercept and manage run-off, reducing erosion and improving water retention within the field.

The appropriate approach depends on factors including slope, soil type, rainfall, farming system, and local land-management conditions.

Support Farmers Receive from VBAs

Identifying fields where slopes, run-off, and soil erosion are affecting soil productivity and crop performance.
Selecting appropriate soil and water conservation approaches based on the characteristics of the farm.
Identifying and marking contour lines so structures are positioned correctly across the slope.
Constructing Fanya Juu, Fanya Chini, or other appropriate contour structures using locally available tools and labour.
Managing water safely to reduce run-off and prevent erosion or damage to neighbouring land.
Maintaining terraces, trenches, and embankments so they continue to function effectively.
Combining terracing and contouring with other soil-health practices, including manure or compost application, mulching, and appropriate crop management.
Establishing vegetation where appropriate to help stabilise terrace structures and protect the soil.

Pro-Tip

Dig trench contours before the rains start. Well-maintained contour trenches capture early season runoff, doubling soil moisture storage for your crops and protecting valuable topsoil from heavy downpours.

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Terracing and contouring

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